TSB Recommendation M04-01

Transport Canada agrees with the intent of the recommendation. The Department is actively reviewing the feasibility of implementing safety management systems for operators of Canadian domestic (i.e. non-SOLAS Convention) vessels, including small passenger vessel operators. The review will assess the benefits and costs of marine safety management systems and examine the experience of other marine administrations (such as New Zealand and the U.K.) in their implementation of such systems.

The review is scheduled to be completed by mid-2005. If the results indicate that safety management systems are warranted and feasible for any given sector of the domestic marine industry, Transport Canada will, in consultation with industry, determine the best approach to effectively implement such regulatory requirements. In the meantime, Transport Canada continues to support the voluntary adoption of safety management systems by domestic operators.

In their reply, TC agrees with the intent of the recommendation. A study to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a safety management system for the domestic fleet was completed in May of 2002. The study found that there is no clear indication that safety management has improved maritime safety although there was some evidence that safety management in other environments has delivered benefit [The study included a survey but there were no responses from the Canadian Shipowners Association, the Canadian Ferry Operators Association and the Canadian Passenger Vessel Association. There were only six responses from tour and other passenger vessels.]. The study recommended that consideration of the New Zealand two-tier approach in which a safety management system (SMS) be applied to all commercial vessels carrying more than 12 passengers or above 15 gross tons. For smaller passenger and cargo vessels, a Safe Operating Plan (SOP) programme should be implemented. An SOP is a scaled-down version of an SMS aimed at providing a practical and affordable set of safety requirements for small commercial vessels. Individual operators draw up an SOP which includes a written record of the vessel=s maintenance and safe operating procedures. It also details the conditions under which a vessel operates and the conditions for carrying passengers.

The department is reviewing the feasibility of implementing safety management systems for operators of Canadian domestic vessels, including small passenger vessel operators. The review of that study is scheduled to be completed by mid-2005. If the results indicate that safety management systems are warranted and feasible, TC will, in consultation with industry, determine the best approach to effectively implement regulatory requirements for such systems. TC continues to support the voluntary adoption of safety management systems by domestic operators.

Since TC intends to consult with industry to determine how best to implement safety management systems, should the results of the review warrant their implementation, the response is considered Satisfactory Intent.

Although the review by TC of the study on domestic safety management systems was completed in August 2005, no update of TC's further action has been received by TSB. If the study recommendations are fully implemented, the risks associated with small passenger vessel operations will be substantially reduced. This review has been completed and a report, entitled Analysis of Options for Safety Management Systems in the Canadian Domestic Shipping Industry, was submitted to the TC Marine Safety Executive Committee in September 2005 for consideration. TC intends to review all essential information, including that which may come from an anticipated coroner's investigation, and consult with stakeholders prior to implementing any additional safety requirements.

The response is considered Satisfactory Intent.

TC's update, dated November 2006, indicated that the report on the feasibility of implementing safety management system (SMS) for small vessel operators, even a relatively simple safety management system can represent a significant operational and cost burden. The justification for applying SMS across the entire domestic passenger vessels would have to be reviewed. However the report suggested that if a suitable industry sector be identified, a pilot project on the implementation of a safety management system approach could be commenced.

Transport Canada Marine Safety will consult with the small passenger vessel industry for their feedback.

The booklet for Small Commercial Vessels Safety Guide (TP 14070) contains elements of SMS such as a self-inspection checklist and routine maintenance schedule. And also provides information regarding applicable regulations.

The report on the feasibility of implementing a SMS for small vessel operators found that even a relatively simple safety management system can represent a significant operational and cost burden. However, the report suggested that if a suitable industry sector be identified, a pilot project on the implementation of a safety management system approach could be commenced.

Transport Canada Marine Safety intends to consult with the small passenger vessel industry for their feedback.

Therefore, the assessment remains at Satisfactory Intent.

TC's update, dated June 2008, indicated that TC conducted a study of safety management systems (SMS) with regards to the domestic fleet, including holding consultations with industry. Following on this study, TC continues to review the application of SMS to small vessels and will consider its application in the future where appropriate.

The booklet for Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) contains elements of SMS such as a self-inspection checklist and routine maintenance schedule. And also provides information regarding applicable regulations. Revisions to the Small Commercial Vessel Safety Guide will expand upon the SMS concept and both promote and explain the concept.

TC's update, dated June 2008, indicates that it continues to review the application of SMS to small vessels and will consider its application in the future where appropriate and that the to-be-revised Commercial Vessel Safety Guide (TP 14070) will used to promote SMS, indicates support for the voluntary adoption of safety management systems by domestic operators.

The effective management of safety requires operators to be able to identify the hazards associated with their operation, assess the risk arising from those hazards, and identify mitigation strategies to reduce the risks to the lowest possible level. SMS represents a systematic process for managing safety risks and has been widely embraced.

While voluntary application of safety measures can be achieved if their adoption is encouraged and promoted, all small passenger vessel operators may elect not to participate and, therefore, unknowingly continue to put at risk the safety of their crews and passengers. Until such time that efforts to promote the use of SMS has become the norm for the small passenger vessel industry, or that it is required, the safety deficiency identified by the recommendation will not be substantially reduced or eliminated.

The response is therefore considered Satisfactory in Part.

TC's update, dated December 2009, indicated that TC is in the process of consulting with industry to develop a safety management system (SMS) tailored to the needs of the Canadian domestic fleet, which is comprised primarily of smaller vessels.

A 2-year pilot project commenced early in 2009 to test the functionality of what has become known as a Domestic Safety Management System (DSM). The goal of introducing a DSM is to:

• enhance the safety culture on board Canadian vessels;
• entrench this safety culture throughout the Canadian maritime industry;
• improve safety and environmental performance;
• improve operational reliability;
• improve industry safety credentials;
• increase industry productivity.

As of January 2010, TC is in the final stages of developing a Domestic Safety Management manual and other tools that will assist Canadian operators in implementing a SMS. These will be available to all operators in the near future as part of an information and outreach campaign that will seek to inform operators on how SMS will strengthen stewardship over safety and environmental protection in their operations.

The proposed Domestic Safety Management (DSM) system for the Canadian domestic fleet is a voluntary system based on the International Safety Management (ISM) Code. The objectives of DSM are to encourage domestic operators to develop a safety management system as a tool to enhance safety and assist operators in complying with the modernized Canada Shipping Act, 2001, specifically section 106 (l)(b), which requires operators to develop procedures to ensure the safety of their vessels and to deal with emergencies.

While voluntary application of safety measures can be achieved if their adoption is encouraged and promoted, not all small passenger vessel operators will elect to participate and, therefore, unknowingly continue to put at risk the safety of their crews and passengers. Until such time that efforts to promote the use of DMS has become the norm for the small passenger vessel industry, or that it is required, the safety deficiency identified by the recommendation will not be substantially reduced or eliminated.

At the April 2010 meeting of the Canadian Marine Advisory Council, a Domestic Vessel Regulatory Oversight Working Group, co-chaired by TC and an industry representative, was formed that will explore how to implement by regulation a safety management system for the domestic fleet.

The response is therefore considered as Satisfactory Intent.

TC's update of December 2010 reiterated that, under the Canada Shipping Act, 2001, safety is the responsibility of the authorized representative/owner. TC indicated that its role is to provide tools and guidance to help authorized representatives meet their regulatory requirements and to develop regulations that efficiently and effectively promote safety.

TC has begun consultations to develop Safety Management Regulations. A three-tier approach is being proposed for safety management of domestic vessels based on their size, type and/or number of passengers. TC has undertaken a pilot project, in collaboration with the Council of Marine Carriers, to test safety management system implementation in the Canadian domestic fleet. Results from this pilot project will be used to aid in the adoption of safety management throughout the Canadian domestic fleet. Tier 2 of this program covers vessels over 15 gross tons (GT) and/or with 12 or more passengers and would require a Domestic Safety Management (DSM) system to be put in place. Tier 3 of this program is for vessels under 15 GT and carrying less than 12 passengers to have on-board guidelines for operational safety.

If fully implemented, the proposed actions will enable operators to identify the hazards associated with their operation, assess the risk arising from those hazards, and identify mitigation strategies to reduce the risks to the lowest possible level. As such, risk will be substantially reduced or eliminated.

Therefore, the assessment of the response remains as Satisfactory Intent.

Transport Canada has taken steps to ensure that small passenger vessel enterprises have a safety management system. The proposed Safety Management Regulations will require safety management systems on all Canadian vessels. These are anticipated to be pre-published in the Canada Gazette Part II in the 4th quarter of 2014. As part of this process, a discussion paper has been presented at the Canadian Maritime Advisory Council (CMAC), as well as to the Canadian Passenger Vessel Association.

In 2008, TC launched a pilot project in collaboration with the Council of Marine Carriers to test the feasibility of implementing safety management systems in the Canadian domestic fleet. The concepts and ideas of a functioning SMS have been jointly developed and shared with industry, and have been met with much support for regulatory reform which will make them mandatory. TC's proposed Safety Management Regulations include requirements for small vessels, including small passenger vessels. Canadian sail training vessels are required, through a jointly developed industry and regulator policy, to have a functioning SMS prior to undertaking sail training operations.

In June, 2011, TC launched, the Small Vessel Compliance Program (SVCP) in an effort to increase and promote a safety culture within small vessel industry. The SVCP provides Canada's small non-pleasure vessel owners with a compliance package that consists of a checklist of consolidated regulatory requirements as well as accompanying guidance notes. This tool is designed to raise awareness of regulatory requirements and to encourage small non-pleasure vessel owners to continuously assess and maintain their vessel's compliance.

TC Inspectors are instructed to remind owners of their responsibilities under the Canada Shipping Act, 2001 in regards to developing procedures for the safe operation of the vessel, and ensuring the crew and passengers receive safety training.

If Transport Canada were to require domestic commercial vessels under 24 m or carrying fewer than 50 passengers to have an SMS, it would have the potential to address the risk identified in the Board recommendation. Transport Canada was considering safety management systems for small passenger vessel enterprises and a discussion paper was presented at the Canadian Maritime Advisory Council (CMAC), as well as to the Canadian Passenger Vessel Association. However, despite previous indications, the status of this initiative and the proposed amendments to the Safety Management Regulations is now unknown.

Therefore, the Board is unable to assess the response to this recommendation.

On 01 March, 2012, TC advised TSB that the proposed Safety Management Regulations would not be applied to vessels less than 24 m in length and carrying fewer than 12 passengers. At that time, TC stated that the new SMS regulations would mirror the ISM Code, incorporating each of the 13 required items. The presentation cited negative stakeholder consultations and recent initiatives by the federal government to reduce the regulatory burden on small businesses (from the Regulatory Cooperation Council Action Plan (RCC Action Plan) and from the Recommendations Report - Cutting Red Tape…Freeing Business to Grow). Furthermore, TC indicated that the financial burden of implementing a safety management system would be "too onerous for small companies with limited personnel" and that there are a limited number of qualified organizations that could audit and certify SMS for marine companies. Although TC indicated that it will promote SMS as a best practice for vessels less than 24m, it will not require SMS, inspect it or audit it. The proposed amendments to the Safety Management Regulations will come into force in 2014.

In response to a request by the TSB for further information, TC sent additional information on 09 May 2012. The information provided focussed largely on the history of development, direction and intended outcomes of the Small Vessel Compliance Program (SVCP). TC indicated that prior to the coming into force of the Canada Shipping Act, 2001 (CSA, 2001), vessels not more than 15 tons, gross tonnage (GT) and carrying 12 passengers or less ("small vessels") were largely uninspected by Marine Safety. Safety has been promoted and monitored through the Small Vessel Monitoring and Inspection Program (SVMIP) which comprised various regional-based initiatives. Following the coming into force of the CSA 2001, Marine Safety updated the Small Vessel Regulations to address changes in the industry, to better reflect the reality of the Canadian fleet of small vessels and to harmonize, where possible, with international standards. The updated regulations came into force in May 2010.

To support the implementation of these regulations, Marine Safety reviewed its existing oversight programs for small non-pleasure vessels, including the SVMIP, and consolidated the best practices into one new program, the Small Vessel Compliance Program (SVCP). The SVCP provides small non-pleasure vessel owners with a simple, yet effective reporting infrastructure that educates small vessel owners on their regulatory requirements and provides them with guidance on how to meet each requirement.

There are two key activities for Marine Safety within the SVCP: the enrolment of vessels into the program, and the risk-based inspection of vessels to verify compliance. The national planned level of activity is 500 vessels enrolled and 50 inspections on newly enrolled vessels.

Marine Safety continues to focus on improving the level of compliance and safety among the small vessel industry through targeted education, outreach and inspection efforts. These activities support the objective of reducing the frequency and severity of small vessel incidents and accidents and contribute directly to a safe transportation environment for Canadians.

Marine Safety's approach to improving small vessel safety addresses the risks identified in the Transportation Safety Board Recommendation M04-01 with respect to small passenger vessels and therefore addresses the intent of the Recommendation.

Transport Canada and the marine, air and rail industries have long recognized the advantages of a formalized approach to safety management. Until recently, TC was considering an approach in which all commercial vessels would require a safety management system. Small commercial vessels would be required to have a scaled-down version of an SMS, with TC providing a practical and affordable set of safety requirements for individual small vessel operators. In recent years, TC consulted with stakeholders to determine the best approach to effectively implement regulatory requirements for such systems. In collaboration with the Council of Marine Carriers (CMC), TC also tested the implementation of an SMS in the Canadian domestic fleet. CMC has conveyed that the results from this pilot project were encouraging.

However, TC has recently indicated that vessels under 24 m or carrying fewer than 12 passengers will not be required to have an SMS, as was previously planned. While TC indicates in its response that an SMS for vessels less than 24 m will be promoted, it will not be required, inspected, or audited. As such, many small vessel operators may elect not to institute an SMS, and, therefore, may not benefit from the advantages that SMS would bring. Given the benefits of a formalized, documented, and auditable SMS, including its significant potential for accident prevention, the need for this system on small commercial vessels remains. The actions proposed by TC will not address this need or fulfill the requirements of this recommendation.

The TSB has reiterated the benefits of SMS in the marine industry in its Watchlist in June 2012, encouraging TC to require all commercial vessels to have an SMS that is certified and audited. As the risks for small passenger vessels will not be reduced substantially if a safety management system is not required, the assessment of the response has been changed to Unsatisfactory.

Transport Canada has taken steps to ensure that small passenger vessel enterprises have safety management.

Regulations requiring safety management systems are anticipated to be pre-published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, in the 2nd quarter of 2014. As part of this process, a discussion paper has been presented at the Canadian Maritime Advisory Council, as well as to the Canadian Passenger Vessel Association. In addition, Marine Safety has been taking various other steps to promote SMS within the marine industry in Canada.

• Transport Canada has taken steps to improve small vessel safety to address the risks identified in the Transportation Safety Board Recommendation M04-01 with respect to small passenger vessels.
• Since 2004, Transport Canada Marine Safety and Security has worked towards voluntary adoption of Safety Management Systems for non-convention vessels.
• From 2009 to 2011, Transport Canada Marine Safety ran a Pilot Project on Safety Management Systems and Alternate Compliance, in collaboration with the Council of Marine Carriers. Lessons learned from the pilot and feedback from initial consultation has been incorporated within the proposed regulations.
• From 2008 to present, Transport Canada has been examining the feasibility of implementing safety management systems in the Canadian fleet. The concepts and ideas of functional and appropriate approaches to safety management have been jointly developed and shared with industry, and have been met with much support for regulatory reform which will make them mandatory. Regulations requiring safety management systems are anticipated to be pre-published in the Canada Gazette Part I in the 2nd quarter of 2014. They will apply to SOLAS Convention vessels; vessels over 500 gross tonnage (GT), vessels certified to carry more than 50 passengers and vessels over 24 meters.
• In June 2011, Transport Canada introduced the Small Vessel Compliance Program (SVCP). The foundation of the program is a tool (TP15111) which consolidates in one place all the regulatory requirements governing small non-pleasure vessels in Canada and also includes guidance notes. The tool educates vessel owners/operators about the regulatory requirements and using a checklist approach also helps them verify their vessel is in compliance. The program is supported by a dynamic and informative web/social media presence and also includes outreach activities and videos to help raise safety awareness. Transport Canada conducts compliance inspections of small vessels based on documented risk evidence. The SVCP currently applies to small non-pleasure vessels that are 0 to 15 GT and carry 0 to 12 passengers.
• Work is underway to include small fishing vessels and tugs in the SVCP. In addition, Transport Canada is in the process of building a relationship with municipal/provincial business licensing bureaus and the Canadian Board of Underwriters to encourage them to require that small vessel owners provide proof of compliance with marine regulations prior to being issued a business license and insured. Transport Canada is also working towards leveraging its compliance and enforcement oversight efforts through partnerships with the Canadian Coast Guard and law enforcement marine units and amending the Contraventions Act to include enforcement of non-pleasure vessels.

The SVCP applies the essential components of good safety management to the small vessel fleet. It is helping make vessel owners aware that they are accountable and responsible for the safe operation of their vessel. At the same time, the program tools and guidance material help vessel owners become aware of and understand their regulatory obligations which builds their capacity and capability to operate safely. The program's reporting requirements encourage continual compliance and a proactive approach to safety.

Outreach activities

• The SVCP Detailed Compliance Report (DCR) tool is well received by vessel owners/operators and considered very useful in helping them be aware of their regulatory obligations and verify that their vessel is in compliance.
• Creating awareness of the program and the DCR tool is paramount but challenging given the size and scope of the small vessel community nationally.
• Outreach activities that have been conducted to increase awareness are as follows:
  • Presentations at national and regional CMACs since 2010
  • Inter-departmental meeting held in March 2010 with federal departments who own/operate small vessels to inform them of the program, encourage their enrolment and support in helping increase awareness of the program
  • Developed and maintain a dynamic and informative web presence and use Twitter to issue short bulletins
  • During Q3/Q4 of 2011-12, Marine Safety launched an enhanced outreach campaign:
    • Atlantic Region organized and delivered four town hall meetings. Marine Inspectors also visited specific companies to encourage enrolment, such as, the Halifax Fire Department, Halifax Habour Authority, Canadian Coast Guard, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Environment Canada and the RCMP.
    • Ontario Region organized and delivered seven (7) outreach/townhall meetings, which included municipal/provincial governments that operate small vessels, as well as the OPP and CCG.
    • Quebec, Pacific and Prairie and Northern Regions focused their outreach activities visiting specific clients, including provincial/municipal governments and habour authorities.
    • Headquarters developed a promotional postcard for the SVCP that was sent to over 5,000 small vessel owners.
  • To date in 2012-13, Marine Safety:
    • Is in the process of producing five (5) small vessel safety videos using a cross-section of industry representatives that promote the SVCP and safe practices.
    • Has drafted a letter for distribution to municipal/provincial business licence bureaus nationally to make them aware of the SVCP and encourage them to consider vessel compliance when issuing business licences
    • Collaborated in a Transport Canada outreach tour which brought awareness and education concerning small vessel registration, certification and compliance to marine communities in the Pacific region.
    • Has made a presentation to the Canadian Board of Marine Underwriters (CBMU) to make them aware of the SVCP and encourage their clients to consider vessel compliance when insuring vessels
    • Is in the process of establishing relationships with the CCG and law enforcement marine units nationally to help leverage Marine Safety's compliance monitoring and enforcement efforts within the small vessel community. The Contraventions Act is being reviewed to assess the potential for including regulatory offences of non-pleasure craft as designated contraventions under the Act.
• Several new small vessel industry associations have recently been formed in the Pacific, Ontario and Atlantic Regions. They support the SVCP and the DCR tool and are working with Marine Safety and their clients to help raise awareness of the program. FishSafe in British Columbia are also avid supporters of the program and are working with Marine Safety to advance the development of a similar DCR tool for small fishing vessels.

Statistics and comments

• Period is from program inception (June 2, 2011) to end of Q2 (September 30, 2012)
• Total number of applications received = 1,376
• Total number of Blue Decals issued = 876
• Total number of applications in progress = 500

The program is gaining momentum. The trend in terms of the number of applications received is increasing. In Q4 of 2011-12, Marine Safety received and processed triple the number of applications compared to Q3 (124 applications). In the first half of 2012-13, a total of 571 new applications were received.

The SVCP is designed to encourage compliance with existing regulations. TC continues to focus on small vessel compliance, whereas the TSB maintains that compliance with existing regulations does not necessarily ensure safety. Legislating SMS for small passenger vessels would require operators to identify, assess, and mitigate risks on a day-to-day basis.

The TSB reiterated the benefits of SMS for the marine industry in its June 2012 Watchlist and encouraged TC to require all commercial vessels to have an SMS that is audited and certified. If an SMS is not required, the risks for small passenger vessels and for all commercial vessels will not be substantially reduced. Therefore, the assessment of the response remains Unsatisfactory.

Transport Canada has taken steps to ensure that small passenger vessel enterprises have safety management systems.

The work toward development of the regulations is well underway. Drafting of the proposed regulations is targeted to be complete by the second quarter of 2014. The date of pre-publication in Part I of the Canada Gazette, is targeted for the third quarter of 2014; however, that date is dependent on factors beyond the control of Transport Canada. As part of this process, a discussion paper has been presented at the Canadian Maritime Advisory Council, as well as to the Canadian Passenger Vessel Association. In addition, Marine Safety has been taking various other steps to promote SMS within the marine industry in Canada.

• Transport Canada has taken steps to improve small vessel safety to address the risks identified in Transportation Safety Board Recommendation M04-01 with respect to small passenger vessels.
• Since 2004, Transport Canada Marine Safety and Security has worked toward voluntary adoption of safety management systems for non-convention vessels.
• From 2009 to 2011, Transport Canada Marine Safety ran a Pilot Project on Safety Management Systems and Alternate Compliance, in collaboration with the Council of Marine Carriers. Lessons learned from the pilot project and feedback from initial consultation have been incorporated within the proposed regulations.
• From 2008 to present, Transport Canada has been examining the feasibility to the Canadian fleet of implementing safety management systems. The concepts and ideas of functional and appropriate approaches to safety management have been jointly developed and shared with industry, and have been met with much support for regulatory reform that will make them mandatory. Regulations requiring safety management systems are anticipated to be pre-published in Part I of the Canada Gazette in the third quarter of 2014; however, that date is dependent on factors beyond the control of Transport Canada. The regulations will apply to apply to SOLAS Convention vessels; vessels over 500 gross tonnage (GT), vessels certified to carry more than 50 passengers, and vessels over 24 meters.
• In June 2011, Transport Canada introduced the Small Vessel Compliance Program (SVCP). The foundation of the program is a tool (TP15111) that consolidates in one place all of the regulatory requirements governing small non-pleasure vessels in Canada and that also includes guidance notes. The tool educates vessel owners/operators about the regulatory requirements, and using a checklist approach, also helps them verify that their vessel is in compliance. The program is supported by a dynamic and informative Web/social-media presence, and also includes outreach activities and videos to help raise safety awareness. Transport Canada conducts compliance inspections of small vessels based on documented evidence of risk. The SVCP currently applies to small non-pleasure vessels that are 0 to 15 GT and carry 0 to 12 passengers.
• Work is underway to include small fishing vessels and tugs in the SVCP. In addition, Transport Canada is in the process of building a relationship with municipal/provincial business licensing bureaus and the Canadian Board of Underwriters to encourage them to require that small vessel owners provide proof of compliance with marine regulations prior to being issued a business licence and insured. Transport Canada is also working towards leveraging its compliance and enforcement oversight efforts through partnerships with the Canadian Coast Guard and law enforcement marine units, and amending the Contraventions Regulations to include enforcement of non-pleasure vessels.
• Transport Canada is developing an SMS guidance Website and material to build awareness and assist operators in the development of their own systems.

SMS "lite" templates: http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/marinesafety/dvro-4067.htm

The SVCP applies the essential components of good safety management to the small vessel fleet. It is helping to make vessel owners aware that they are accountable and responsible for the safe operation of their vessels. At the same time, the program tools and guidance material help vessel owners to become aware of and understand their regulatory obligations, which builds their capacity and capability to operate safely. The program's reporting requirements encourage continual compliance and a proactive approach to safety.

Outreach activities

• The SVCP Detailed Compliance Report (DCR) tool is well received by vessel owners/operators and considered very useful in helping them be aware of their regulatory obligations and verify that their vessel is in compliance.
• Creating awareness of the program and the DCR tool is paramount but challenging given the size and scope of the small vessel community nationally.
• Outreach activities that have been conducted to increase awareness are as follows:
  • Presentations at national and regional CMACs since 2010;
  • An inter-departmental meeting held in March 2010 with federal departments that own/operate small vessels to inform them of the program and to encourage their enrolment and support in helping increase awareness of the program
  • Development and maintenance of a dynamic and informative Web presence, and use of Twitter to issue short bulletins;
  • Launch of an enhanced outreach campaign by Marine Safety during Q3/Q4 of 2011–12, which included the following:
    • Atlantic Region organized and delivered four town hall meetings. To encourage enrolment, Marine Inspectors also visited specific companies, such as the Halifax Fire Department, Halifax Harbour Authority, Canadian Coast Guard, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Environment Canada, and the RCMP.
    • Ontario Region organized and delivered seven outreach/town-hall meetings, which included municipal/provincial governments that operate small vessels, as well as the OPP and CCG.
    • Quebec, Pacific and Prairie, and Northern Regions focused their outreach activities on visiting specific clients, including provincial/municipal governments and harbour authorities.
    • Headquarters developed a promotional postcard for the SVCP that was sent to over 5000 small vessel owners.
  • To date in 2012–13, Marine Safety:
    • is in the process of producing five small-vessel safety videos that promote the SVCP and safe practices using a cross-section of industry representatives.
    • has drafted a letter for distribution nationally to municipal/provincial business licence bureaus to make them aware of the SVCP and encourage them to consider vessel compliance when issuing business licences.
    • collaborated in a Transport Canada outreach tour, which brought about awareness and education concerning small vessel registration, certification and compliance to marine communities in the Pacific region.
    • has made a presentation to the Canadian Board of Marine Underwriters (CBMU) to make them aware of the SVCP and encourage their clients to consider vessel compliance when insuring vessels.
    • is building relationships with the Canadian Association of Workers' Compensation Boards and provincial workers' compensation boards.
    • is in the process of establishing relationships with the CCG and law enforcement marine units nationally to help leverage Marine Safety's compliance monitoring and enforcement efforts within the small vessel community. The Contraventions Act is being reviewed to assess the potential for including regulatory offences of non-pleasure craft as designated contraventions under the Act.
• Several new small vessel industry associations have recently been formed in the Pacific, Ontario, and Atlantic Regions. They support the SVCP and the DCR tool, and are working with Marine Safety and their clients to help raise awareness of the program. FishSafe in British Columbia are also avid supporters of the program, and are working with Marine Safety to advance the development of a similar DCR tool for small fishing vessels.

Statistics and comments

• Period is from program inception (2 June 2011) to end of Q2 (30 September 2013)
• Total number of Blue Decals issued = 1564

The response from Transport Canada in 2013 contains no new information and indicates no shift from the previous year's stance. TC maintains that small vessel operators (those less than 24 m in length and carrying fewer than 12 passengers) will not be required to adopt a safety management system. The Lady Duck sank in 2002, and the recommendation that small passenger vessel enterprises have a safety management system was issued in 2004 after rigorous analysis by the TSB. TC conducted its own analysis at the time and agreed with this recommendation.

The TSB reiterated the benefits of SMS for the marine industry in its June 2012 Watchlist, and encouraged TC to require all commercial vessels to have an SMS that is audited and certified. If an SMS tailored to the needs of operators of small passenger vessels and small commercial vessels is not required, the risks associated with small vessel operations will not be substantially reduced. TC's position means that passengers on small commercial passenger vessels, such as the Lady Duck, will continue to be placed at risk. Therefore, the assessment of the response to recommendation M04-01 remains Unsatisfactory.

Transport Canada's response reiterated the information, the steps taken to improve small vessel safety, and the outreach activities provided in its response of November 2013, and noted that “drafting of the proposed regulations is targeted to be complete by 1st quarter of 2015. The date of pre-publication in The Canada Gazette, Part I, is targeted for 2nd quarter of 2015, however that date is dependent upon factors beyond Transport Canada's control.”

The response also updated the results of its Small Vessel Compliance Program, noting that 2001 Blue Decals had been issued since the program's inception (02 June 2011) up to 30 September 2014.

The response from Transport Canada contains little new substantive information. TC had initially planned that vessels over 15 gross tonnage and carrying fewer than 12 passengers would have been required to have an SMS. TC now maintains that it will be promoting SMS for vessel operators (vessels less than 24 m in length and vessels carrying 50 passengers or less), which, under the proposed measures, will not be required to have a safety management system. There are 4067 passenger vessels currently registered in Canada (Transport Canada's Vessel Registration Query System), of which 3896 are less than 24 m in length and certified to carry fewer than 50 passengers. The operators of many of these smaller passenger vessels may elect not to adopt an SMS or put into place a formal safety management process for them and therefore may not benefit from the advantages that safety management would bring.

In its November 2014 Watchlist, the TSB reiterated the responsibility of all companies to manage the safety risks in their operations, and the benefits of SMS in identifying hazards and mitigating risks. The TSB also noted that even small companies need to have some safety processes in place to manage risk.

If safety management processes tailored to the needs of operators of small passenger vessels and small commercial vessels are not required, the risks associated with small vessel operations will remain.

Therefore, the assessment of the response to Recommendation M04-01 remains Unsatisfactory.

Transport Canada was very pleased with the change of wording in the 2014 Watchlist publication.  Transport Canada (TC)'s regulatory framework is in line with the TSB proposed solution - Section 106(1)(b) of the Canada Shipping Act, 2001 requires that authorized representatives develop procedures for the safe operation of the vessel and for dealing with emergencies (which consists, in other words, of safety management processes); TC has an ISM observation audit framework to monitor the companies and the vessels subject to the Safety Management Regulations on a risk-based prioritization and ensure they are compliant with the applicable requirements; and marine inspectors may take enforcement action if evidence suggests that a vessel or a company engages in unsafe operating practices.

The referenced section of the Canada Shipping Act, 2001, requires the authorized representative of a Canadian vessel to develop procedures for the safe operation of the vessel and for dealing with emergencies and to ensure that the crew and passengers receive safety training; however, managing safety requires a comprehensive approach. Effective management of safety requires that processes be in place to be able to identify the hazards associated with the operation of the vessel, assess the risks arising from those hazards, and identify mitigation strategies to reduce the risks. The Board believes that, in addition to providing a safety management framework that is easily understood by small vessel owners/operators, the regulator needs to take steps to ensure owners/operators have processes in place to address the risks specific to an operation. Until such time as these are in place, the risks associated with an operation may not be identified nor addressed.

In the 2014 Watchlist, the TSB reiterated the responsibility of all companies to manage safety risks in their operations, and the benefits of SMS in identifying hazards and mitigating risks. However, if safety management processes tailored to the needs of operators of small passenger vessels and small commercial vessels are not required, the risks associated with small vessel operations will remain.

Therefore, the assessment of the response to Recommendation M04-01 remains Unsatisfactory.

Transport Canada continues to promote the development of Safety Management Systems among marine operators, therefore Transport Canada is currently in the process of amending the Safety Management Regulations. The regulatory proposal applies to Canadian non-Convention vessels. Transport Canada's proposed amendments to the Safety Management Regulations are in line with the intent of the Transportation Safety Board's 2016 Watchlist. Transport Canada is confident that its current proposal reflects a strong endorsement of SMS for the domestic fleet to complement and enhance existing inspection and certification requirements.

When the Authorized Representatives (AR) of a Canadian vessel initially performs a risk assessment they look at their operations and attempt to identify all risks that may affect their operations, they cannot possibly identify every risk, as some risks only become apparent over time. Risk assessment is therefore an ongoing and continuous process as the company conducts its operations and continues to identify the risks. It does not mean that the management of safety is faulty or ineffective when a previously unknown or unanticipated risk becomes known as a result of an incident. One of the objectives of managing safety is once, a risk is identified after an incident/accident the company puts safeguards in place and continue to improve on safety.

Transport Canada has developed an SMS guidance website and material to build awareness and assist operators in the development of their own systems:

http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/marinesafety/dvro-4067.htm

http://www.tc.gc.ca/fra/securitemaritime/dvro-4067.htm

Consultations on the proposed amendments were conducted since 2010 and will continue through the development of the proposed amendments. As part of the proposed amendments to the Safety Management Regulations, Transport Canada is drafting the Canadian Modifications to the International Safety Management (ISM) Code which will be incorporated by reference pursuant to section 32(4.1) of the Canada Shipping Act, 2001, amongst others.

In addition to the above proposed amendments, Transport Canada is expanding the application of the Small Vessel Compliance Program (SVCP) to include small fishing vessels below 15 Gross Tonnage. The SVCP for fishing vessel is currently under development and is expected to be launched in July 2017. SVCP for small tugs will follow at a later date.

The TC website page for SMS indicates that only 3 types of vessels “that operate on international voyages/waters must adopt an SMS that complies with the International Safety Management (ISM) Code:

1. Passenger ships including passenger high-speed craft;
2. Oil tankers, chemical tankers, gas carriers, bulk carriers and cargo high-speed craft of 500 gross tonnage and upwards; and
3. Other cargo ships and mobile offshore drilling units of 500 gross tonnage and upwards.”

The proposed Safety Management Regulations indicate that “the following vessels and the companies that operate them will be required to adopt a SMS in compliance with the ISM Code:

1. A Canadian vessel subject to Chapter IX of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS);^{Footnote 1}
2. A Canadian vessel of 500 gross tonnage and upwards;
3. A Canadian vessel that is certified to carry more than 50 passengers; and
4. A Canadian vessel that is more than 24 meters in length and less than 500 gross tonnage.” (these vessels are not subject to audit and certification process).

While TC has indicated that the Safety Management Regulations are in line with the 2016 TSB Watchlist, TC has not taken steps to ensure that small passenger vessel enterprises, including enterprises that operate in sheltered waters, have a safety management system.

As there is no indication that TC intends to take steps to ensure that small passenger vessel enterprises have a safety management system, the reassessment of this recommendation remains as Unsatisfactory.

Transport Canada continues to promote the development of Safety Management Systems among marine operators, and is currently in the process of amending the Safety Management Regulations. The regulatory proposal applies to Canadian non-convention vessels.

Transport Canada has promoted safety culture among domestic fleet operators through presentations at venues like CMAC. These presentations provided detailed information regarding the importance of having safety management systems at both the company and vessel level. To facilitate ease of developing and implementing SMS, Transport Canada has developed an SMS guidance website and material to build awareness and assist operators in the development of their own systems:

http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/marinesafety/dvro-4067.htm

http://www.tc.gc.ca/fra/securitemaritime/dvro-4067.htm

Consultations on the proposed amendments started in 2010 and will continue through the development of the proposed amendments. As part of the proposed amendments to the Safety Management Regulations, Transport Canada will resume the drafting of the Canadian Modifications to the International Safety Management (ISM) Code which will be incorporated by reference pursuant to section 32(4.1) of the Canada Shipping Act, 2001, amongst others.

In addition to the above proposed amendments, Transport Canada is expanding the application of the Small Vessel Compliance Program (SVCP) to include small fishing vessels below 15 Gross Tonnage. The SVCP for fishing vessel is currently under development and is expected to be launched by the end of 2017/ early 2018. SVCP for small tugs will follow at a later date.

Transport Canada (TC) has indicated previously and reiterated to the Board at a briefing held in early March 2018 that TC was in the process of amending the Safety Management Regulations. In addition to those vessels currently required to have an SMS (Canadian vessels subject to Chapter IX of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)), the following vessels and the companies that operate them will be required to adopt an SMS in compliance with the ISM Code:

• Canadian vessels of 500 gross tonnage and upwards;
• Canadian vessels that are certified to carry more than 50 passengers; and
• Canadian vessels that are more than 24 meters in length and less than 500 gross tonnage.” However, these vessels would not be subject to an audit and certification process.

TC reiterated its expectation that excluded vessels must still have procedures for their safe operation and for dealing with emergencies in accordance with section 106 of the Canada Shipping Act, 2001. Nevertheless, TC acknowledged that the risk to passengers who board small passenger vessels for purposes such as tourism is different from the risk to crew members who board other types of small vessels (e.g., tugs or fishing vessels). Therefore, TC intends to assess the level of risk with respect to different categories of non-convention vessels with a view to determining if the requirements for SMS on such passenger vessels should be treated differently.

The proposed TC actions will increase the number of vessels required to have an SMS once fully implemented. Although TC has not committed to making SMS mandatory for small passenger vessels, TC intends to re-examine the risk associated with such vessels. Therefore, the response to Recommendation M04-01 is assessed as Satisfactory in Part.

Transport Canada (TC) agrees in principle with the TSB's recommendation; however, TC requires further research and justification to determine the most effective means to address the recommendation and to what extent the cost and benefits of SMS can be justified for smaller vessel operations.

TC is currently undertaking analysis of the Safety Management Regulations to determine if the scope of the proposed amendments could be expanded to capture certain vessels less than 24m, taking into account the safety benefits and cost for smaller businesses. The analysis will consider the size of the vessel and the company, the type of vessel and operations, and the type of safety management systems (SMS) (e.g., third-party audit, approval or risk-based monitoring, modelled after ISM or adapted domestic SMS). At the November 2018 National Canadian Marine Advisory Council (CMAC) meeting, the Domestic Vessel Regulatory Oversight Standing Committee requested initial comments from stakeholders on the expansion of mandatory SMS requirements to smaller vessels. TC will collect the comments during the winter and take them into consideration in developing an updated proposal for initial consultation at the spring 2019 CMAC.

Until the regulatory amendments are finalized, the safety culture and safe practices continue to be regulated and promoted by TC through the Canada Shipping Act, 2001 and through various regulations (e.g., the Fishing Vessel Safety Regulations, Marine Personnel Regulations, Safe Working Practices, MOSH), programs (e.g., SVCP, SVCP-F) and supporting guidelines.

In March 2018, TC indicated that it was in the process of amending the Safety Management Regulations. TC reiterated its expectation that excluded vessels must still have procedures for their safe operation and for dealing with emergencies in accordance with section 106 of the Canada Shipping Act, 2001. Nevertheless, TC acknowledged that the risk to passengers who board small passenger vessels for purposes such as tourism is different from the risk to crew members who board other types of small vessels (e.g., tugs or fishing vessels). TC intended to assess the level of risk with respect to different categories of non-convention vessels with a view to determining if the requirements for SMS on such passenger vessels should be treated differently.

The Board notes that TC is currently undertaking analysis of the Safety Management Regulations to determine if the scope of the proposed amendments could be expanded to capture certain vessels less than 24 m, taking into account the safety benefits and cost for smaller businesses. The Board also notes that TC plans to develop an updated proposal for initial consultation at the spring 2019 CMAC. However, TC no longer mentions its previous concern with the risk for non-convention vessels, including small passenger vessels.

The Board is unaware of the scope of the consultations and what the new proposal for the Safety Management Regulations may contain. The Board therefore cannot determine if TC actions will increase the number of vessels required to have an SMS once fully implemented. The Board considers the response to the recommendation to be Unable to Assess.

Transport Canada (TC) agrees with this recommendation. TC has carried out additional analysis pertaining to the implementation of safety management systems (SMS) throughout the Canadian vessel fleet. An overview of the analysis was presented at the Fall 2019 national Canadian Marine Advisory Council (CMAC) to obtain initial commentary from stakeholders on the expansion of mandatory SMS requirements.

TC is currently developing a regulatory proposal that is expected to be presented at the Spring 2020 CMAC. TC will convene a meeting with the TSB in early 2020 to provide a detailed brief on TC’s proposed way forward and to further inform the reassessment of this recommendation. The amended Safety Management Regulations are targeted to be published in the Canada Gazette, Part I in June 2020.

The Board notes that TC has undertaken additional analysis regarding the implementation of SMS throughout the Canadian vessel fleet, but has not provided the TSB with information about the outcome of this analysis.

On 05 February 2020, TC convened a meeting with the TSB and provided details on the regulatory proposal to be presented at CMAC in the spring of 2020, before publishing the amended Safety Management Regulations in the Canada Gazette, Part I, in June 2020. While TC has made some progress, given that it has not yet consulted with industry on the proposal, the Board presently cannot determine the practicality or effectiveness of the actions proposed to address the safety deficiency in the passenger vessel sector that is the object of this recommendation.

The Board is unable to assess the response to Recommendation M04-01.

Transport Canada agrees in principle with this recommendation. The department convened a meeting with the Transportation Safety Board in the fall of 2020 regarding Transport Canada’s proposed way forward for amendments to the Marine Safety Management System Regulations. The proposed amendments will expand both Safety Management System and oversight requirements to all domestic passenger vessels. For larger and high risk vessels, these requirements would be fully aligned with the International Maritime Organization’s International Safety Management Code, subject to annual inspection and approval by a Recognized Organization. Smaller vessels will need to put in place an adapted domestic Safety Management System, and be subject to Transport Canada’s standard risk-based oversight regime for smaller vessels.

With regard to the reference to Safety Management Systems as one of the Transportation Safety Board Watchlist action items, Transport Canada notes that this item calls on all vessel operators to demonstrate to Transport Canada the effectiveness of their Safety Management System. It is important to note that for lower-risk vessels that account for the largest portion of Canada’s fleet, Transport Canada is, and will continue, carrying out targeted risk-based oversight. As such, it is not possible that all operators demonstrate to Transport Canada the effectiveness of their Safety Management System, as called for in the Watchlist item. Transport Canada does not have the capacity to approve all vessels’ Safety Management Systems. The vessel’s authorized representative is responsible for the effectiveness of their Safety Management System implementation.

Transport Canada hosted virtual consultations on the proposed Marine Safety Management System Regulations. These consultationsincluded key stakeholders, such as the Canadian Ferry Association, Passenger and Commercial Vessel Association (PCVA), and the Canadian Passenger Vessel Association (CPVA). The department offered additional online consultations through the fall of 2020 through Transport Canada Let’s Talk Transportation platform. During these consultations, Transport Canada shared its updated regulatory plan with stakeholders in August 2020 and an overview of the comments received pertaining to the proposed regulations was presented at the fall 2020 national Canadian Marine Advisory Council (CMAC).

These proposed regulations are targeted to be published in the Canada Gazette, Part II, in spring 2022.

In the fall of 2020, TC met with the TSB to discuss the expansion of both safety management systems (SMS) and oversight requirements for all domestic passenger vessels in its amendments to the Marine Safety Management System Regulations. Requirements for larger and high-risk vessels would be aligned with the International Maritime Organization’s International Safety Management Code, and these vessels would be subject to annual inspection and approval by a Recognized Organization. Smaller vessels would need to put in place an adapted domestic SMS and would be subject to TC’s standard risk-based oversight regime. TC recently indicated that amendments to the Marine Safety Management System Regulations are targeted to be published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, in spring 2021 and the Canada Gazette, Part II, in spring 2022.

Once the proposed amended Marine Safety Management System Regulations are published, this safety deficiency will be substantially mitigated.

Therefore, the response to Recommendation M04-01 is considered to show Satisfactory Intent.

The update provided by TC in February 2021 is still accurate, with the exception that amendments to the Marine Safety Management System Regulations are now targeted to be pre-published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, in spring 2022 and the Canada Gazette, Part II, in spring 2023.

Transport Canada indicates that the amendments to the Marine Safety Management System Regulations will now be published in the Canada Gazette, Part I in spring 2022 and the Canada Gazette, Part II in spring 2023.

Once the proposed amendments to the Marine Safety Management System Regulations are published, this safety deficiency will be substantially mitigated. However, the Board is concerned over the extended delay in publishing the regulations.

Therefore, the Board considers the response to Recommendation M04-01 to be Satisfactory Intent.

Transport Canada continues to move forward with the expansion of formal Safety Management System (SMS) requirements to a greater portion of vessels operating in Canadian waters, including small passenger vessel enterprises. Transport Canada is currently working to address comments received on the proposed Marine Safety Management System Regulations (MSMSR) aspublished in Canada Gazette, Part I in June 2022. Publication in Canada Gazette, Part II is therefore anticipated by fall 2023. These regulations will support the enhancement of marine safety culture in day-to-day operations, recognizing that the consistent and appropriate application of an SMS in the marine sector will contribute to reduce the likelihood and severity of marine-related accidents and incidents onboard commercial vessels operating in Canadian waters, resulting in fewer fatalities, serious injuries, and pollution incidents.^{Footnote 2}

Transport Canada (TC) pre-published the proposed Marine Safety Management System Regulations (MSMSR) in the Canada Gazette, Part Iin June 2022, and it is anticipating to publish the regulations in the Canada Gazette, Part II in fall 2023. Once the proposed amendments to the MSMSRare published, this safety deficiency will be substantially mitigated.

Therefore, the Board considers the response to Recommendation M04-01 to be Satisfactory Intent.